Natural Stone: Granite

Granite stone is a very common type of Natural Stone in Southern Ontario. It was a big hit for some architectural styles during the 60's and 70's and it is still used today in some fashion or another.

(Photo: "Hole in the Wall", near Parry Sound, Ontario)

Origins: Granite is known as Igneous Rock , and in Southern Ontario, almost any granite you see has had it's Geographic origins from the Canadian Shield unless it has been specifically shipped from outside of Canada.

Character: One of the hardest rocks found on earth, second only to diamonds. Commonly found in shades of pink, greys, blacks and whites. One single section of Granite can have all the colours mixed within. It can also be speckled with different flakes of colour/texture or solid in composition. Usually seen as a rounded, smooth stone unless it is split, cut or shaped by tools.

Common uses in Landscaping:

• Wall Facing: Split-faced fieldstone granite which is obviously split in half and chiseled to shape. The stone is then mortared in place with a fitting pattern that keeps most of the mortar joints uniform. (See Landscape Feature Stones below for origin details.)
  

• Landscape Feature Stones: Used as a garden accent, the stones are usually rounded or oval shaped with interesting patterns or colours to them. Attractive when combined with planting or other landscape elements... Sold by the ton or pound and refered to as Fieldstone... Found throughout Southern Ontario, it's origin is from glacial erosion scraping the Canadian shield and depositing the rocks in Moraine fields during the end of the ice age.
  

• Granite Flagstone: Random shaped patterns ranging in the many different colours that granite comes in. It can give a rustic and warm feel to an informal patio. Usually this stone is sold by the ton or pound and is quarried from bedrock. A more elaborate and thin (0.5 inch) type of flag is known as Mill Lake flagstone, quarried near Parry Sound, Ontario... commonly used as facing around fireplaces and is sold by the square foot.
  

• Beach Pebble or River Rock: A very popular garden or water feature edge material. Great for placing in areas where planting is hard to establish or in other areas to help keep erosion and weeds down. Sold by the ton or in bags and comes in different dimensions (2" to 5" is the most common size). It's origins are from river edges and glacial deposits known as Eskers. When looking for this material, ask for "scrubbed" beach pebble.
  

• Granite Cobble Stone: Used mainly as a natural stone paver, it can be both colourful and busy looking. A very labourious stone to install due to it's non-uniform shape and it can be uneasy footing for elderly folks or ladies in high-heeled shoes.

Cobble stone use dates back many years and is an old world practice found commonly on the streets of Europe. It was used mainly in Toronto during the construction of the Streetcar Routes throughout the city. It is a desired stone by some folks, but hard to come by in mass quantities. Reason being that this stone is not commonly quarried in such dimensions. The stones are carved out from bedrock and individually shaped.

If it is found on the market today, it is because a section of road base in the old parts of Toronto (pre 1950's) has been torn up and rebuilt. The Granite Cobble Stone is removed, packaged and sold. The demand for this stone combined with it's scarce availability makes it a very high priced stone.

What inspires?... part 1

(A seat by the falls)











Part of what inspires me most to create landscapes is my constant interaction with Nature. I would say that is what drove me into such a career as a Landscape Designer. Inspirational beauty is all around us in Nature and bringing it alive in my landscapes is what I love most.

(bottom view of the falls, I had to stand in the middle of the Oxtongue River to get this shot)

(Below: View across the lower falls, taken under a red maple)
These are photos taken at various points along Ragged Falls, Ontario. A place where the water rushes down with such force that vibrations literally resonate within your body.
(Above: The very start of Ragged Falls, one of a series of drops along the Oxtongue River)


(Top of Falls view looking down)

Interlock Pavers...where to start???

Ok, so you were thinking about an interlock patio, walkway or even a new driveway... but where does one start??? Lots of companies in Southern Ontario produce this stuff and each individual company makes their own colour choices & patterns.

But who's got the better product???

The truth? No one! The better question to ask would be which one suits your tastes more?

The engineering for concrete brick pavers sold in Ontario is regulated by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA website). The products sold in the U.S. are regulated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM website). This means the man-made material products that are sold in the landscape market are generally the same quality in strength and durability. The only differences are brand names with different colour dyes, shapes, textures and prices!

Those thinner bricks you find in certain "Box Stores" are in a different category to themselves in terms of strength.

Now having jumped that hurdle, visit a few stoneyards with materials on display. See which one catches your eye and get a unit price based on the square foot (sq. ft.) for each material. The going rate for most concrete pavers ranges between $2.00 to $7.00 per sq. ft. ... that is before installation costs.

A contractor may charge $10.00 to $20.00 per sq. ft. to supply and install. That should be followed by a 1 to 2 year guarantee against movement or settlement (price depends on material choice and total amount of the square foot area). Typical base depths for walkways and patios should be set at 6 inches deep, plus the depth of the bricks.

A driveway should be set at 8 inches or more, plus the depth of the brick. A deeper base is determined by heavier vehicle loads parking or driving on the surface....the heavier the vehicle, the deeper the base should be.

Things to consider:

• Colour: One school of thought is to match colours of bricks to the colour of your house bricks... that is either hit or miss and can look a little cliché by having too much of a mono-tone colour overload. You want a colour that compliments or accents the house.
  

• Texture: Tumbled or smooth brick finish? Depending on the look you want to achieve, tumbled bricks can give that weathered or aged look and a feel of almost natural cobblestone. Smooth finish looks more like a tiled floor.
  

• Salt: Sealing the bricks can prolong the effects of winter road salt from damaging the brick surface. Using non-corrosive de-icing products can help, but as you park your car over the bricks, the road spray that collects underneath the car will drip down and corrode the brick finish over time.
  

• Snow: Is a plow contractor clearing your brick driveway?... expect scrapes and gouges to be prominent by spring. To minimize the damage, ask the contractor if they have a rubber or composite scraping edge on their plow blade.
  

• Weeds: It happens and cannot be avoided! Placing a geotextile fabric under the bricks does nothing. Weeds will seed and grow in the joints of the bricks from surface soils or dust that washes in...grass spreads by runner-roots & seed. Round-up works nicely on weeds ... be mindful of over-spray on grass & perennials.

• Polymeric and Joint Stabilizing Sands: These types of sands can help deter weeds from forming once brushed and washed into the joints. It helps to stabilize the bricks from moving individually and forms a hard surface that deters weeds from rooting.